2019年高考英语真题及参考答案（北京卷）
2019年北京市高考英语考试逐题解析
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）
第一节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A
On the first day of my first grade， I stood by the door with butterflies in my stomach。 I （1） ______ （voice） my biggest concern to my mother， “How will I make friends？” She handed me advice， “Be yourself。” For the past 20 years， I have lived by these words。 Soon I will graduate and become part of the real world。 Nervously （2） ______ （face） challenges， I know I will whisper to （3） ______ （I） the two simple words “Be yourself”。
1。
[答案] voiced
[解析] 本题考查时态语态；提示词voice为动词，整句缺少谓语动词，主语I和动词提示词voice为主动关系，翻译成“我表达…”，又因上一句的stood和下一句的handed可以确定空格时态为一般过去时；故正确答案是voiced。
2。
[答案] facing
[解析] 本题考查非谓语动词；提示词face为动词，而本句的谓语动词是know，因此可判定本题需填非谓语动词；而非谓语动词的逻辑主语是I和face之间为主动关系； 又通过翻译“面临着众多挑战，我知道…” 可知，face和know为同时关系；故正确答案是facing。
3。
[答案] myself
[解析] 本题考查代词；根据提示词I和本句 “我会悄声对我自己说…”的语义可知，应填“我自己”；故正确答案是myself。
B
Earth Day， （4） ______ （mark） on 22 April， is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection。 First celebrated （5） ______ 1970， the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions （地区）。 No matter what you like to do， there is a way to get involved in various （6） ______ （activity） on Earth Day。 You can plant a tree， make a meal with locally grown vegetables， or save power — the possibilities are endless。
4。
[答案] marked
[解析] 本题考查非谓语动词；提示词mark为动词，而本句谓语动词为is，因此可判定本题需填非谓语动词；mark的逻辑主语为Earth Day，主语和动词mark之间为被动关系，且已完成；故正确答案是marked。
5。
[答案] in
[解析] 本题考查介词；考查“in+年份”，在某年；故正确答案是in。
6。
[答案] activities
[解析] 本题考查名词；提示词activity为名词，通过前面的various“各种各样的”可知，空格应填名词的复数形式；故正确答案是activities。
C
Does the name of the college you attend really matter？ Research on the question （7） ______ （suggest） that， for most students， it doesn’t。 What students do at college seems to matter much more than （8） ______ they go。 The students benefitting most from college are those （9） ______ are totally engaged （参与） in academic life， taking full advantage of the college’s chances and resources （资源）。 Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college to attend， and it’s never too early to make necessary preparations for a healthy and （10） ______ （meaning） college experience。
7。
[答案] suggests
[解析] 本题考查时态语态；提示词suggest为动词，而that之前的主句部分缺少谓语动词，主语research和suggest之间为主动关系，又因前一句的does和本句的doesn’t可确定，时态为一般现在时；主语research后suggest用第三人称单数形式；故正确答案是suggests。
8。
[答案] where
[解析] 本题考查宾语从句；通过本句可以看出，主句than后缺宾语，而从句通过翻译“学生在大学所做的事要比他们去哪儿重要的多”可知缺地点的语义；故正确答案是where。
9。
[答案] who
[解析] 本题考查定语从句；通过本句可以看出，主句完整，而从句不完整，缺主语，因此考查定语从句中的关系代词；通过翻译可知，此处代替的是students，指人；故正确答案是who。
10。
[答案] meaningful
[解析] 本题考查词性转换；根据空格前and并列的形容词healthy，可知空格应填meaning的形容词形式；故正确答案是meaningful。#p#副标题#e#
第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Regardless of the weather or the distance， Paul Wilson will make sure low-income students in his neighbourhood arrive at their college classes on time。
A retired engineer， 76-year-old Wilson has been ______ （11） free rides to college students for the past eight years。 Since he first started ______ （12） his car to the young people， Wilson has ______ （13） an astonishing 64，000 miles， and has had countless pleasant and often humorous ______ （14） with the students he transports to and from school。 The students who he’s ______ （15） have gone on to become physicians， teachers and engineers， but what they’ve also got out of their time in school is finding a role model and a friend in Wilson。 Some students ______ （16） call him “Grandpa”。
Tina Stern ______ （17） rides from Wilson for all her four years in college， and the trips meant much more to her than just free ______ （18）。 “It’s not just a ride； you’re not just sitting there in ______ （19） silence or with your headphones on。” Stern said。 “He asks you questions and actually ______ （20） the answers， so the next time you ride with him， he’ll ______ （21） those things。”
Wilson first worked as a driver through a student-support programme of the non-profit organisation， On Point for College。 Although the ______ （22） asks the members only to drive students to and from their classes， Wilson often goes ______ （23） to ensure the welfare and safety of the students。 If they have problems with registration。 Wilson is there to ______ （24） them。 If they run out of certain daily necessities， Wilson will drive to the nearest store and purchase what’s needed。 If a student gets hungry on the long drives to and from school， Wilson never ______ （25） to buy them a meal。
For many students， Wilson’s help is not only appreciated， it’s also entirely ______ （26） for them to be able to complete their college education。 Some students don’t have a reliable car， while others have to ______ （27） vehicles with parents who work six days a week。 For them， riding with Wilson has ______ （28） them to complete their education — but according to Wilson， he benefits just as much from the ______ （29）。 “I just love driving， and I love these kids，” Wilson said。 “It’s such a（n） ______ （30） to be a part of these kids’ lives， even just for a few hours， getting to know them and hearing their stories。”
11。 A。 linking B。 sending C。 offering D。 distributing
12。 A。 donating B。 lending C。 delivering D。 volunteering
13。 A。 paved B。 covered C。 measured D。 wandered
14。 A。 arguments B。 interviews C。 negotiations D。 conversations
15。 A。 met B。 driven C。 addressed D。 greeted
16。 A。 even B。 ever C。 once D。 already
17。 A。 earned B。 received C。 assessed D。 demanded
18。 A。 transportation B。 style
C。 time D。 communication
19。 A。 forced B。 awkward C。 ridiculous D。 suspicious
20。 A。 selects B。 recites C。 guesses D。 remembers
21。 A。 act on B。 settle on C。 check on D。 agree on
22。 A。 club B。 league C。 college D。 programme
23。 A。 far B。 around C。 beyond D。 forwards
24。 A。 assist B。 watch C。 urge D。 warn
25。 A。 expects B。 attempts C。 manages D。 hesitates
26。 A。 extra B。 unusual C。 necessary D。 adequate
27。 A。 share B。 fuel C。 repair D。 exchange
28。 A。 required B。 allowed C。 reminded D。 convinced
29。 A。 experience B。 arrangement
C。 appreciation D。 employment
30。 A。 effort B。 ambition C。 privilege D。 convenience#p#副标题#e#
11。
[答案] C
[解析] 本题是动词题；根据后本句中“Wilson has been_____free rides to college students for the past eight years” ，在过去的8年间Wilson_____免费接送大学生，可知是 Wilson主动提供（offering）免费接送大学生。其余选项含义为：linking（联系，连接），sending（发送），distributing（分配，散布）；故正确答案是C。
12。
[答案] D
[解析] 本题是动词题；根据上一句“Wilson has been offering free rides to college students ”，Wilson免费送大学生，可知Wilson是自愿（volunteering）用他的车去接送年轻人。如果选择其余选项，就不是Wilson自己接送了。其余选项含义为：donating（捐赠），lending（借给），delivering（递送）；故正确答案是D。
13。
[答案] B
[解析] 本题是动词题；根据本句“Wilson has _____an astonishing 64，000 miles”，可知Wilson是驱车行驶了（covered）令人吃惊的64，000英里。这里考查动词搭配。其余选项含义为：paved（铺设），measured（测量），wandered（闲逛）；故正确答案是B。
14。
[答案] D
[解析] 本题是名词题；根据第三段第二句“You’re not just sitting there in silence”你不只是沉默地坐在那里，以及第三句“He asks you questions and actually remembers the answers。”，他问你问题而且实际上记得答案，可知Wilson与学生们有无数愉快并且经常是幽默的谈话（conversations）。其余选项含义为：arguments（争论），interviews（采访，面试），negotiations（协商）；故正确答案是D。
15。
[答案] B
[解析] 本题是动词题；根据本句“The students who he’s _____have gone on to become physicians， teachers and engineers”，他_____所接送的学生成为内科医生，老师和工程师，可知who引导的定语从句修饰先行词students，并在从句中作宾语，所以是“他开车接送（has driven）的学生”。其余选项含义为：met（遇见），addressed（向。。。发表演说），greeted（问候）；故正确答案是B。
16。
[答案] A
[解析] 本题是副词题；根据上一句“is finding a role model and friend in Wilson”认为Wilson是行为榜样和朋友，可知学生们与Wilson很亲近，有些学生甚至（even）称呼他为“爷爷”。其余选项含义为：ever（曾经），once（曾经，一次），already（已经）；故正确答案是A。
17。
[答案] B
[解析] 本题是动词题；根据本句“Tina Stern ____ rides from Wilson for all her four years in college”，可知“在大学四年间Tina Stern接受（received）来自Wilson的接送”，本题考查主谓宾的搭配。其余选项含义为：earned（赚得），assessed（评估），demanded（要求）；故正确答案是B。
18。
[答案] A
[解析] 本题是名词题；根据后一句“It is not just a ride”，这不只是乘车，可知这些乘车的经历对她来说不只是免费的搭乘（transportation）。其余选项含义为：style（风格），time（时间），communication（沟通）；故正确答案是A。
19。
[答案] B
[解析] 本题是形容词题；根据本句“you’re not just sitting there in _____silence or with your headphones on”，你不只是坐在_____沉默里或者带着耳机，可知是“awkward令人尴尬的”沉默。此处考查形容词词义辨析。其余选项含义为：forced（强迫的），ridiculous（荒谬的），suspicious（怀疑的）；故正确答案是B。
20。
[答案] D
[解析] 本题是动词题；根据后半句“so the next time you ride with him， he will check on those things”，所以下一次你乘坐他的车的时候，他会核对这些事情，可知Wilson事实上是记得（remembers）这些答案的。其余选项含义为：selects（挑选），recites（背诵），guesses（猜测）；故正确答案是D。
21。
[答案] C
[解析] 本题是动词题；根据前半句“He asks you questions and actually remembers the answers”，他问你问题并且真能记住（你的）回答，所以他下次见到你时会再跟你确认一切是否都好，可知选check on（检查、查看人或事物以确保一切正常）。其余选项含义为：act on（遵照……行动），settle on（选定，决定），agree on（就……达成协议）；故正确答案是C。
22。
[答案] D
[解析] 本题是名词题；根据空前“the”可知，该名词上文刚复现过，可知本段第一句中的“a student-support programme of the non-profit organization”为答案，即programme（项目）。其余选项含义为：club（俱乐部），league（联盟，团体），college（大学，学院）；故正确答案是D。
23。
[答案] C
[解析] 本题是副词题；根据前半句“Although the programme asks the members only to drive students to and from their classes”，虽然该项目只要求成员接送学生们上下学，和后文为转折关系，可知Wilson常常做得更多，可知答案是beyond（超过地）。其余选项含义为：far（远地），around（周围地），forwards（向前地）；故正确答案是C。
24。
[答案] A
[解析] 本题是动词题；根据本段中出现的三个“If。。。， Wilson。。。。”，以及全文主旨，均可知Wilson除了接送学生们，还做了许多“帮助”他们的事，如果学生有注册登记的问题，Wilson就在那里帮助（assist）他们。其余选项含义为：watch（看，监视），urge（催促，力劝），warn（警告）；故正确答案是A。
25。
[答案] D
[解析] 本题是动词题；与24题线索相同，根据本段中出现的三个“If。。。， Wilson。。。。”，以及全文主旨，均可知Wilson除了接送学生们，还做了许多“帮助”他们的事，如果一名学生饿了，Wilson从不犹豫（hesitates）给他们买饭。其余选项含义为：expects（期待，预计），attempts（企图，试图），manages（管理，设法做到）；故正确答案是D。
26。
[答案] C
[解析] 本题是形容词题；根据本段第二句“Some students don’t have a reliable car， while others have to _____ vehicles with parents who work six days a week”，有些学生没有（性能）可靠的车，还有的学生需要和他们一周工作六天的父母共坐一辆车，可知Wilson的帮助对他们来说是很有必要的（necessary）。其余选项含义为：extra（额外的），unusual（不寻常的），adequate（足够的）；故正确答案是C。
27。
[答案] A
[解析] 本题是动词题；根据“Some students don’t have a reliable car”，有些学生没有（性能）可靠的车，再根据while前后的并列关系，可知这一句也需要体现学生自己上下学的不方便，即和父母共坐（share）一辆车，也就是由一周上班六天的父母来接送他们。其余选项含义为：fuel（加燃料，加强），repair（修理），exchange（交换）；故正确答案是A。
28。
[答案] B
[解析] 本题是动词题；根据本句“riding with Wilson has _____ them to complete their education”，可知搭Wilson的车使（allow）他们能够完成学业。其余选项含义为： required（要求），reminded（提醒），convinced（确信）；故正确答案是B。
29。
[答案] A
[解析] 本题是名词题； 根据本句“he benefits just as much from the _____。”他从_____中获得的和（学生们）一样多，可知该空指的就是“Wilson给孩子们提供免费搭车”这件事（experience）。其余选项含义为：arrangement（安排），appreciation（感激，欣赏），employment（雇佣，就业）；故正确答案是A。
30。
[答案] C
[解析] 本题是名词题；根据上文“he benefits just as much from the experience”和“I just love driving， and I love these kids”，他从这件事中获得的和（学生们）一样多，他喜爱驾驶，他也喜欢这些孩子们，可知Wilson对于接送孩子们是很开心的，即和孩子们在一起，了解他们、听他们的故事，哪怕只有几小时，都对Wilson来说是种特别优待、荣幸（privilege）。其余选项含义为：effort（努力），ambition（雄心，野心），convenience（方便）；故正确答案是C。#p#副标题#e#
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Want to explore new cultures， meet new people and do something worthwhile at the same time？ You can do all the three with Global Development Association （GDA）。 Whatever stage of life you’re at， wherever you go and whatever project you do in GDA， you’ll create positive changes in a poor and remote community （社区）。
We work with volunteers of all ages and backgrounds。 Most of our volunteers are aged 17-24。 Now we need volunteer managers aged 25-75。 They are extremely important in the safe and effective running of our programmes。 We have such roles as project managers， mountain leaders， and communication officers。
Depending on which role you choose， you could help to increase a community’s access to safe drinking water， or help to protect valuable local cultures。 You might also design an adventure challenge to train young volunteers。
Not only will you help our young volunteers to develop personally， you’ll also learn new skills and increase your cultural awareness。 You may have chances to meet new people who’ll become your lifelong friends。
This summer we have both 4-week and 7-week programmes：
Country Schedule
4-week programmes 7-week programmes
Algeria 5 Jul。 — 1 Aug。 20 Jun。 — 7 Aug。
Egypt 24 Jul。 — 20 Aug。 19 Jun。 — 6 Aug。
Kenya 20 Jul。 — 16 Aug。 18 Jun。 — 5 Aug。
South Africa 2 Aug。 — 29 Aug。 15 Jun。 — 2 Aug。
GDA ensures that volunteers work with community members and local project partners where our help is needed。 All our projects aim to promote the development of poor and remote communities。
There is no other chance like a GDA programme。 Join us as a volunteer manager to develop your own skills while bringing benefits to the communities。
Find out more about joining a GDA promgramme：
Website： www.glodeve.org
Email： humanresources@glodeve.org
31。 What is the main responsibility of volunteer managers？
A。 To seek local partners。
B。 To take in young volunteers。
C。 To carry out programmes。
D。 To foster cultural awareness。
31。
[答案] C
[解析] 本题考查文章细节；根据文章第二段第三句和第四句，“Now we need volunteer managers aged 25-75。 They are extremely important in the safe and effective running of our programmes。”可知志愿者经理在项目的安全高效运营中起到重要作用。由以上可以推出志愿者经理的主要职责是运营项目；故正确答案是C。
32。 The programme beginning in August will operate in ______。
A。 Egypt
B。 Algeria
C。 Kenya
D。 South Africa
32。
[答案] D
[解析] 本题考查文章细节；根据文章第五段表格的最后一行“South Africa 2 Aug。-29 Aug。”可知8月2日开始的项目在南非进行；故正确答案是D。
33。 The shared goal of GDA’s projects is to ______。
A。 explore new cultures
B。 protect the environment
C。 gain corporate benefits
D。 help communities in need
33。
[答案] D
[解析] 本题考查文章细节；根据文章第六段第二句“All our projects aim to promote the development of poor and remote communities。”可知我们所有的项目目的是促进贫穷偏远社区的发展。由此推出我们GDA项目的共同目标是帮助有需要的社区；故正确答案是D。#p#副标题#e#
B
Alice Moore is a teenager entrepreneur （创业者）， who in May 2015 set up her business AilieCandy。 By the time she was 13， her company was worth millions of dollars with the invention of a super-sweet treat that could save kids’ teeth， instead of destroying them。
It all began when Moore visited a bank with her dad。 On the outing， she was offered a candy bar。 However， her dad reminded her that sugary treats were bad for her teeth。 But Moore was sick of missing out on candies。 So she desired to get round the warning， “Why can’t I make a healthy candy that’s good for my teeth so that my parents can’t say no to it？” With that in mind， Moore asked her dad if she could start her own candy company。 He recommended that she do some research and talk to dentists about what a healthier candy would contain。
With her dad’s permission， she spent the next two years researching online and conducting trials to get a recipe that was both tasty and tooth-friendly。 She also approached dentists to learn more about teeth cleaning。 Consequently， she succeeded in making a kind of candy only using natural sweeteners， which can reduce oral bacteria。
Moore then used her savings to get her business off the ground。 Afterwards， she and her father secured their first business meeting with a supermarket owner， who finally agreed to sell Moore’s product — CanCandy。
As CanCandy’s success grows， so does Moore’s credibility as a young entrepreneur。 Moore is enthusiastic about the candy she created， and she’s also positive about what the future might bring。 She hopes that every kid can have a clean mouth and a broad smile。
Meanwhile， with her parents’ help， Moore is generally able to live a normal teenage life。 Although she founded her company early on in life， she wasn’t driven primarily by profit。 Moore wants to use her unique talent to help others find their smiles。 She donates 10% of AilieCandy’s profits to Big Smiles。 With her talent and determination， it appears that the sky could be the limit for Alice Moore。
34。 How did Moore react to her dad’s warning？
A。 She argued with him。
B。 She tried to find a way out。
C。 She paid no attention。
D。 She chose to consult dentists。
34。
[答案] B
[解析] 本题考查文章细节；根据文章第二段第五句“So she desired to get round the warning， ‘Why can’t I make a healthy candy that’s good for my teeth so that my parents can’t say no to it？’”可知，Moore想她为什么不能生产出一种对牙齿好的糖果，这样父母就不会禁止她吃糖，因此她是想找出一种新的解决方案；故正确答案是B。
35。 What is special about CanCandy？
A。 It is beneficial to dental health。
B。 It is free of sweeteners。
C。 It is sweeter than other candies。
D。 It is produced to a dentists’ recipe。
35。
[答案] A
[解析] 本题考查文章细节；根据文章第三段第三句“Consequently， she succeeded in making a kind of candy only using natural sweeteners， which can reduce oral bacteria。”可知，她成功地生产了一种只用天然甜味剂的糖果，这种糖果可以减少口腔细菌；故正确答案是A。
36。 What does Moore expect from her business？
A。 To earn more money。
B。 To help others find smiles。
C。 To make herself stand out。
D。 To beat other candy companies。
36。
[答案] B
[解析] 本题考查文章细节；根据文章第六段第三句“Moore wants to use her unique talent to help others find their smiles。”可知，Moore 想用自己独特的才能去帮助别人找到微笑；故正确答案是B。#p#副标题#e#
37。 What can we learn from Alice Moore’s story？
A。 Fame is a great thirst of the young。
B。 A youth is to be regarded with respect。
C。 Positive thinking and action result in success。
D。 Success means getting personal desires satisfied。
37。
[答案] C
[解析] 本题考查文章主旨；文章中一开始Moore的爸爸不让她吃糖，她想到的就是积极地解决这个问题，创立公司，生产对牙齿有益的糖。之后，她积极行动并进行相关的咨询和学习，最终成功。C选项“积极的思考和行动会带来成功。”体现了文章主旨；A选项“名声是这个年轻人渴望的。”；B选项“年轻人应该受到尊重。”D选项“成功意味着满足个人欲望。”均与文章主旨无关，故正确答案是C。
C
The problem of robocalls has gotten so bad that many people now refuse to pick up calls from numbers they don’t know。 By next year， half of the calls we receive will be scams （欺诈）。 We are finally waking up to the severity of the problem by supporting and developing a group of tools， apps and approaches intended to prevent scammers from getting through。 Unfortunately， it’s too little， too late。 By the time these “solutions” （解决方案） become widely available， scammers will have moved onto cleverer means。 In the near future， it’s not just going to be the number you see on your screen that will be in doubt。 Soon you will also question whether the voice you’re hearing is actually real。
That’s because there are a number of powerful voice manipulation （处理） and automation technologies that are about to become widely available for anyone to use。 At this year’s I/O Conference， a company showed a new voice technology able to produce such a convincing human-sounding voice that it was able to speak to a receptionist and book a reservation without detection。
These developments are likely to make our current problems with robocalls much worse。 The reason that robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount than precision。 A decade of data breaches （数据侵入） of personal information has led to a situation where scammers can easily learn your mother’s name， and far more。 Armed with this knowledge， they’re able to carry out individually targeted campaigns to cheat people。 This means， for example， that a scammer could call you from what looks to be a familiar number and talk to you using a voice that sounds exactly like your bank teller’s， tricking you into “confirming” your address， mother’s name， and card number。 Scammers follow money， so companies will be the worst hit。 A lot of business is still done over the phone， and much of it is based on trust and existing relationships。 Voice manipulation technologies may weaken that gradually。
We need to deal with the insecure nature of our telecom networks。 Phone carriers and consumers need to work together to find ways of determining and communicating what is real。 That might mean either developing a uniform way to mark videos and images， showing when and who they were made by， or abandoning phone calls altogether and moving towards data-based communications — using apps like FaceTime or WhatsApp， which can be tied to your identity。
Credibility is hard to earn but easy to lose， and the problem is only going to get harder from here on out。
38。 How does the author feel about the solutions to the problem of robocalls？
A。 Panicked。
B。 Confused。
C。 Embarrassed。
D。 Disappointed。
38。
[答案] D
[解析] 本题考查细节题；文章第一段中“Unfortunately， it’s too little， too late。 By the time these “solutions” become widely available， scammers will have moved onto cleverer means。”作者表明了自己的态度，“很不幸，这些措施太少，也太晚。这些“解决方案”能够广泛应用时，欺诈者将已进入到更聪明的方式。”作者通过指出这些“解决方案”不能有效应对，表明对这些解决方案的失望。故正确答案是D。
39。 Taking advantage of the new technologies， scammers can______。
A。 aim at victims precisely
B。 damage databases easily
C。 start campaigns rapidly
D。 spread information widely
39。
[答案] A
[解析] 本题考查细节题；文章中第三段第二句“The reason that robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount than precision。” 意为“自动语音电话令人头疼的原因，在数量和精准度两方面，与前者关系小一些。”以及第三句“A decade of data breaches of personal information has led to a situation where scammers can easily learn your mother’s name， and far more。”意为“通过十几年的个人信息数据窃取，导致欺诈者能够很容易地了解你母亲的名字，以及更多信息。”通过上述论述，可以获知，利用这些新技术，欺诈者可以精准展开欺诈。故正确答案是A。#p#副标题#e#
40。 What does the passage imply？
A。 Honesty is the best policy。
B。 Technologies can be double-edged。
C。 There are more solutions than problems。
D。 Credibility holds the key to development。
40。
[答案] B
[解析] 本题考查推断题；根据文章第二段“At this year’s I/O Conference， a company showed a new voice technology able to produce such a convincing human-sounding voice that it was able to speak to a receptionist and book a reservation without detection。”可知新的声音技术可以给人们带来便利性，而后第三段又论述了这一技术会使现存自动语音电话问题更加糟糕，由此可推出技术有两面性，是把双刃剑。故正确答案是B。
41。 Which of the following would be the best title for the passage？
A。 Where the Problem of Robocalls Is Rooted
B。 Who Is to Blame for the Problem of Robocalls
C。 Why Robocalls Are About to Get More Dangerous
D。 How Robocalls Are Affecting the World of Technology
41。
[答案] C
[解析] 本题考查主旨题；文章在第一段提到了自助语音电话带给人们的危害，紧接下来的两段又进一步阐述这类电话带给人们危害的原因，并在倒数第二段阐述了减轻相关危害的方案，尾段最终提出信任度是很难获得又很容易失去的东西，并且，由此涉及的相关问题也会越来越难以解决。整篇文章都是在逐步阐述自助语音电话愈加危险的状况；故正确答案是C。
D
By the end of the century， if not sooner， the world’s oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate， according to a new study。
At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms （海洋微生物） called phytoplankton。 Because of the way light reflects off the organisms， these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface。 Ocean colour varies from green to blue， depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton。 Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas， while reducing it in other spots， leading to changes in the ocean’s appearance。
Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface， where they pull carbon dioxide （二氧化碳） into the ocean while giving off oxygen。 When these organisms die， they bury carbon in the deep ocean， an important process that helps to regulate the global climate。 But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean’s warming trend。 Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth， since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow， but also nutrients。
Stephanie Dutkiewicz， a scientist in MIT’s Center for Global Change Science， built a climate model that projects changes to the oceans throughout the century。 In a world that warms up by 3℃， it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur。 The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer。 But in some waters， such as those of the Arctic， a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton， and these areas will turn greener。 “Not only are the quantities of phytoplankton in the ocean changing，” she said， “but the type of phytoplankton is changing。”
And why does that matter？ Phytoplankton are the base of the food web。 If certain kinds begin to disappear from the ocean， Dutkiewicz said， “it will change the type of fish that will be able to survive。” Those kinds of changes could affect the food chain。
Whatever colour changes the ocean experiences in the coming decades will probably be too gradual and unnoticeable， but they could mean significant changes。 “It’ll be a while before we can statistically show that the changes are happening because of climate change，” Dutkiewicz said， “but the change in the colour of the ocean will be one of the early warning signals that we really have changed our planet。”
42。 What are the first two paragraphs mainly about？
A。 The various patterns at the ocean surface。
B。 The cause of the changes in ocean colour。
C。 The way light reflects off marine organisms。
D。 The efforts to fuel the growth of phytoplankton。
42。
[答案] B
[解析] 本题考查主旨；通过第一段关键句的把握，“…the world’s oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate…”确定出主旨是世界大洋颜色的变化是由于大气变暖导致的。第二段作者进一步详述了大气变暖导致海洋生物的变化，从而导致海洋颜色的变化，和第一段完全吻合，进一步确定答案。故正确答案是B。
43。 What does the underlined word “vulnerable” in Paragraph 3 probably mean？
A。 Sensitive。
B。 Beneficial。
C。 Significant。
D。 Unnoticeable。
43。
[答案] A
[解析] 本题考查猜词；分析句子核心语意。定位在该词的前一句话。“…， they bury carbon in the deep ocean， an important process that helps to regulate the global climate”该句意为“有机体在海洋中存储碳，这个过程帮助调节全球大气。”考核句中的逻辑词“但是”，决定前后感情态度相反，意思是浮游生物对大气变暖的趋势是脆弱和敏感的。故正确答案是A。
44。 What can we learn from the passage？
A。 Phytoplankton play a declining role in the marine ecosystem。
B。 Dutkiewicz’s model aims to project phytoplankton changes。
C。 Phytoplankton have been used to control global climate。
D。 Oceans with more phytoplankton may appear greener。
44。
[答案] D
[解析] 本题考查细节；定位题干位于第四段第四句。“…a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton， and these areas will turn greener。”该句意为“但是在某些海域，气候变暖给浮游植物提供成长的条件，这些水域将会变的更绿。”故正确答案是D。
45。 What is the main purpose of the passage？
A。 To assess the consequences of ocean colour changes。
B。 To analyse the composition of the ocean food chain。
C。 To explain the effects of climate change on oceans。
D。 To introduce a new method to study phytoplankton。
45。
[答案] C
[解析] 本题考查主旨；需要把控文章主旨，同时需要把重点放在最后一段。定位在最后一段but后面，“…but the change in the colour of the ocean will be one of the early warning signals that we really have changed our planet。”可知作者写作目的：海洋颜色的变化将会是其中的一个预警信号，我们真的已经改变了我们的星球。所以写作目的是作者解释气候变化对海洋的影响，故正确答案是C。#p#副标题#e#
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Much of the work in today’s world is accomplished （完成） in teams。 Most people believe the best way to build a great team is to gather a group of the most talented individuals。 ______ （46） Companies spend millions hiring top business people。 Is their money well spent？
______ （47） They focused on football， basketball and baseball。 The results are mixed。 For football and basketball， adding talented players to a team proves a good method， but only up to the point where 70% of the players are top talent； above that level， the team’s performance begins to decline。 Interestingly， this trend isn’t evident in baseball， where additional individual talent keeps improving the team’s performance。
To explain this phenomenon， the researchers explored the degree to which a good performance by a team requires its members to coordinate （协调） their actions。 ______ （48） In baseball， the performance of individual players is less dependent on teammates。 They conclude that when task interdependence is high， team performance will suffer when there is too much talent， while individual talent will have positive effects on team performance when task interdependence is lower。 If a basketball star is， for example， trying to gain a high personal point total， he may take a shot himself when it would be better to pass the ball to a teammate， affecting the team’s performance。 Young children learning to play team sports are often told， “There is no I in TEAM。” ______ （49）
Another possibility is that when there is a lot of talent on a team， some players may make less effort。 Just as in a game of tug-of-war （拔河比赛）， whenever a person is added， everyone else pulls the rope with less force。
______ （50） An A-team may require a balance — not just A players， but a few generous B players as well。
A。 It‘s not a simple matter to determine the nature of talent。
B。 Sports team owners spend millions of dollars attracting top talent。
C。 The group interaction and its effect drew the researchers’ attention。
D。 Stars apparently do not follow this basic principle of sportsmanship。
E。 Several recent studies examined the role of talent in the sports world。
F。 Building up a dream team is more complex than simply hiring the best talent。
G。 This task interdependence distinguishes baseball from football and basketball。
46。
[答案] B
[解析] 挖空方式：段中空；解题语句：空前空后一句；考查方式：承上启下。空前一句表明，“人们普遍认为构建优秀团队最好的方式是聚集顶级人才”，空后一句表明，“公司花费天价雇佣顶级商业人才”，B选项说的是“球队所有者花费数百万美金招纳顶级球员”，与前句形成承接，同时与后句出现的“Companies spend millions” 形成并列关系；故正确答案是B。
47。
[答案] E
[解析] 挖空方式：段首空；解题语句：空后一句；考查方式：引出下文。段首句一般为文段的概括，引出下文。选项E“近来一些研究检测了天才在体育界的作用”，其中的名词“studies”对应空后一句的代词“they”；故正确答案是E。
48。
[答案] G
[解析] 挖空方式：段中空；解题语句：空前空后一句；考查方式：承接上文，引出下文。空前一句表明，“为了解释这一现象，研究人员探索队员的协调程度对团队表现的影响”中的“coordinate their actions”与选项G“task interdependence”文意对应， 同时空后举例论证选项G的观点；故正确答案是G。
49。
[答案] D
[解析] 挖空方式：段尾空；解题语句：空前一句；考查方式：承接上文。空前一句表明“年幼的儿童在学习团体运动时经常被告知，在团队中没有‘我’”，这句引语对应选项D的“principle”；故正确答案是D。
50。
[答案] F
[解析] 挖空方式：段首空；解题语句：空后一句；考查方式：引起下文。段首句一般为文段的概括，引出下文。选项中表明“建立一个梦之队比仅仅是招聘最好的人才更繁琐”，空后一句表明“一个优秀团队要求平衡——不仅有优秀运动员也需要一些资质平平的运动员”，选项与后文的文意匹配；故正确答案是F。#p#副标题#e#
第三部分：书面表达（共两节，35分）
第一节 （15分）
假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友Jim打算暑假期间来北京、天津和上海旅游，发来邮件询问相关信息。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括：
1。交通出行；
2。必备衣物。
注意：1。 词数不少于50；
2。 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim，
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
（请务必将作文写在答题卡指定区域内）
本篇作文是建议信，要求学生在文章中体现交际感，重视对来信内容的回答。首段表达欢迎，第二段介绍城市的交通出行和必备衣物等要点，结尾表达期待。除了基本的内容要点之外，还需要开放性的构思，考生可以结合自己的实际生活经验进行要点的延伸。建议考生平时加强构思训练，掌握应用文写作的层次，以合理的逻辑和结构完成写作，才能达到写作目的，完成“应用文解决实际问题”的写作任务。语言方面，建议选择实用的词汇，慎用难词，做到准确简洁。
[范文]
Dear Jim，
How is everything going？ I’m very pleased and excited to learn your travel plan to Beijing， Tianjin and Shanghai。 Welcome！ It’s my great honor to offer you some travel tips， which， I hope， can solve your problems。
Transportation matters so much while traveling。 Beijing， Tianjin and Shanghai all have the excellent subway systems which can take you everywhere in the city。 If you want a deep experience in the city， shared bikes would be the best choice。 As for city-to-city tour， the high-speed rail is highly recommended because it has been the most convenient way in recent years。 As for clothes preparation， sun-protective coats and hats would be necessary， considering you will come to China during the summer。 Also， pack a pair of comfortable shoes in case of the city walk。
I hope these suggestions above will be of some help to you。 Perhaps we can meet in Beijing？ Looking forward to hearing from you。
Yours，
Li Hua
第二节 （20分）
假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你们班上周组织了一次以“劳动最光荣”为主题的社会实践活动。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，记述整个过程。
注意：词数不少于60。
提示词：西瓜 watermelon
（请务必将作文写在答题卡指定区域内）
今年主要以“劳动最光荣”为主题，贴合实际生活，四幅图的要点分别是“老师在黑板上写下活动主题‘劳动最光荣’”，“打包行李出发去乡下”，“在乡下摘西瓜”，“和家长吃饭，回忆一天的劳动历程”；考生切忌在文章开篇犯低级语法错误，在保证要点齐全的前提下， 适当添加细节，并且要注意句式的多样性及用词的准确性和丰富性，适当增加长难句的使用，如对非谓语动词、三大从句及特殊句式进行灵活运用，同时注意逻辑的流畅性。
[范文]
Last week， our school organized an activity themed “Glory of Labor”， which proved to be meaningful and indelible。
When we held the class meeting， our teacher informed us of the news that an activity themed “Glory of Labor” would be held。 On hearing that， we were extremely excited。 We regarded it as a wonderful opportunity to experience the real life and couldn’t resist the desire to be involved in it。
Having signed up for the activity， I returned home to prepare the luggage。 Hardly had I entered my bedroom when I took out my suitcase。 I packed my necessities into it which included some clothes， towels and the water glass。 I couldn’t wait to experience the activity。
Then came the big moment。 Together with my classmates， I came to the watermelon patch。 The moment we reached the destination， we were divided into several groups and got down to work。 Some students were responsible for picking the watermelons； some students put the watermelons into the baskets while others carried the baskets filled with watermelons to the specified place。 Tired as we were， we were in high spirits。
Time passed before we knew it。 After getting the task finished， I returned home and recalled the whole day， sharing my excitement with my parents。 With my favorite meal served， they spoke highly of me。 An overwhelming sense of pride came over me。
It was through this experience that I realized that labor is glorious。 Never could it fade from my mind and I expected another activity like this。
#p#副标题#e#|
英语 |
|
真题/答案[解析] |
2019北京高考时间科目表
考试时间
全国统考于6月7日至8日进行，各科目的具体考试时间见下表：
|
日期 |
6月7日 |
6月8日 |
|
|
上午 |
9:00—11:30 |
9:00—11:30 |
|
|
语文 |
文科综合/理科综合 |
||
|
下午 |
3:00—5:00 |
3:00—4:40 |
*4:40—5:00 |
|
数学（文/理） |
外语（笔试） |
外语（非英语）科目听力考试 |
|
*注：具体考试时长以实际听力播放时间为准。
外语听力实行一年两考。英语科目第一次听力考试于2018年12月15日进行，第二次听力考试于3月16日进行，采用计算机考试模式；其他外语科目第一次听力考试于1月8日进行，第二次考试于6月8日进行。
答题规范
选择题：必须用2B铅笔按填涂示例将答题卡上对应的选项涂满、涂黑；修改答题时，应使用橡皮轻擦干净并不留痕迹，注意不要擦破答题卡。
非选择题：必须用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔在各题规定的答题区域内答题，切不可答题错位、答题题号顺序颠倒、超出本题答题区域（超出答题卡黑色边框线）作答，否则答案无效。如修改答案，就用笔将废弃内容划去，然后在划去内容上方或下方写出新的答案；或使用橡皮擦掉废弃内容后，再书写新的内容。
作图：须用2B铅笔绘、写清楚，线条及符号等须加黑、加粗。
选考题：先用2B铅笔将所选考试题的题号涂黑，然后用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔在该题规定的答题区域内对应作答，切不可选涂题号与所答内容不一致，或不填涂、多填涂题号。
特别提醒：考生不要将答题卡折叠、弄破；严禁在答题卡的条形码和图像定位点（黑方块）周围做任何涂写和标记，禁止涂划条形码；不得在答题卡上任意涂画或作标记。
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